September 15, 2023
As you may know, the way our children sleep is influenced by many different factors, including our own behaviour as parents, the environment they live in, their daily activities, routines, level of attachment to their caregivers and many more. However, the sleep patterns of babies and toddlers are not solely dependent on external factors; their temperament plays a pivotal role in shaping their sleep routines. In this article, we will explore the relationship between infant and toddler temperament and sleep, delving into the various temperamental traits that can influence their sleep patterns.
Let’s dive right in!
Temperament refers to a child's innate behavioral and emotional tendencies, which remain relatively stable throughout their life. While every child is unique, researchers have identified several key dimensions that contribute to an individual's temperament. These dimensions include activity level, adaptability, approach/withdrawal, intensity of reaction, and mood. A child's temperament is shaped by a combination of genetics and environmental factors, and it influences how they interact with the world around them.
A child's natural activity level can significantly impact their sleep patterns. Highly active infants and toddlers might find it challenging to wind down, leading to resistance when it comes to naptime or bedtime. On the other hand, less active children might transition into sleep more easily.
Engage in physical activities during the day to help them expend energy, improving the chances of a smoother bedtime. Create a calming pre-sleep routine that includes activities like reading or gentle music. Avoid (wild) playing just before bedtime and pay close attention to their sleepy signs (which very active children often know to hide very well); make sure that your child does not get overtired by sticking to age-appropriate sleep averages and awake windows. Also check out my article on Awake Windows and Ideal Nap Lengths.
Children with higher adaptability tend to adjust more readily to changes in their sleep environment or routine. They might tolerate disruptions, such as travel or changes in caregivers, with fewer disturbances to their sleep schedule. Conversely, less adaptable children might experience more difficulty adjusting to changes, leading to disrupted sleep.
How can you help your less adaptable child: Gradually introduce changes to the sleep routine to allow them time to adjust. Maintain a sleep environment that feels familiar and secure, using comfort items like a favourite blanket or stuffed animal. Where possible, adjust your (travel) plans to the sleep needs of your child; after all, a well-rested child is a happier child.
The way a child approaches new situations can influence their sleep experiences. Babies and toddlers who are more cautious or shy (withdrawn) might struggle with sleep-related anxiety or night-waking. Meanwhile, those who are more adventurous (approaching) might have an easier time with sleep transitions.
Foster a positive sleep environment that minimizes anxiety. Night lights, soft background sounds, and reassuring bedtime rituals can create a sense of security. Also, assure your child that you are close by when they need you. Always respond to them when they call out for you and even if it is just by responding with a soft “shhh”. Cautious children might need this reassurance much more than other children and it is crucial for their sense of security that you show them your presence and care.
Children with intense reactions tend to respond strongly to various stimuli. This can manifest in the sleep context as being more sensitive to sounds, lights, or discomfort, which may lead to frequent night awakenings. You could also describe those children as highly sensitive. Babies and toddlers who show a high intensity of reaction often have difficulties sleeping on the go, in prams or cars and are easily distracted / kept awake by too much light or sounds. Sensitive babies may also be easily frightened by (sudden) loud noises or movements.
Focus on creating a comfortable sleep environment by addressing potential sources of discomfort, such as clothing tags or room temperature. Consider your child and their needs and the way the bedroom is currently set-up – you may be able to make some improvements to make your child more comfortable and less distracting. Think of covering all light sources (e.g. with black-out curtains), playing white noise in order to camouflage any noises in or outside the house that may disturb them. Your alert child may need your presence and soothing in the process of falling asleep. Assure them that you are close by and react to them when they need you.
A child's general mood can significantly impact their sleep quality. Some children are more prone to mood changes than others but similar to us parents, children, too, can be in a bad mood sometimes. If your child is fussy or irritated, it will most certainly have a hard time self-soothing and falling asleep independently. Conversely, a generally positive mood might contribute to a more relaxed bedtime routine and smoother sleep transitions.
Establish consistent bedtime routines that help stabilize their mood before sleep. Engage in calming activities and avoid overstimulation close to bedtime. And above all: stay calm and approachable for your child. They need your reassurance and encouragement.
While temperament plays a critical role, it's essential to acknowledge the influence of biological factors on sleep patterns. Circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep-wake cycles, are driven by internal biological clocks. These clocks develop as a child grows and mature. Consequently, a child's ability to establish a consistent sleep schedule might be influenced by their biological clock, regardless of their temperament. To read more about the science behind sleep, check out my article.
As parents, it is crucial to recognize that sleep patterns in infants and toddlers are influenced by a complex interplay of temperament, biological factors, and environmental conditions. While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to fostering healthy sleep habits, understanding your child's temperament can provide valuable insights into their individual needs. By tailoring your approach to their unique temperament, you can create an environment that supports restful sleep and enhances their overall well-being during these early years of development.
Start with something simple yet powerful: Read in this free ebook about the 5 things you should change in your child's bedroom to sleep better tonight.
Vanessa De Malmazet is the founder of Like Dreaming - Sleep Coaching practice for babies and toddlers. When Vanessa is not working with her clients, she loves dancing and digging sand castles with her kids on the beach in front of her house.
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